Research topics of the doctorate

Scholarship A

Integrated quantum photonic chip based on optical angular momenta of single photons qudit

Research group link:   Nanoscience laboratory http://nanolab.physics.unitn.it/
Contacts:     Prof. L. Pavesi, Dr. A. Baldazzi
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome The planned activities include the study, design, fabrication and characterization of the devices, with a focus on the optimization and efficiency of generation processes through the use of integrated, specifically designed structures and standard and non-standard techniques of integrated photonics. The ultimate goal is to demonstrate a quantum circuit which is able to generate single photons and perform quantum operation by using the optical angular momentum qubit encoding.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies):    Quantum physicist;   Expert in photonic

Scholarship B

Non thermal phase transition in phase change materials and chalcogenides

Research group link    Materials Theory Group https://mattheory.physics.unitn.it/
Contacts:     Matteo Calandra mailto:m.calandrabuonaura@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome:  The subject of the thesis consists in studying the non-thermal phase transitions occurring in phase change materials and in chalcogenides after ultrafast laser excitation or by an ultrafast electric discharge. This mechanism is at the basis of ovonic devices, neuromorphic computing and all optical memories. Despite its great relevance it is not yet understood. The candidate will use advanced ab initio and maby body simulations techniques to study the excited state dynamics and the structural dynamics following the pulse excitation. Methods of choice will be ab initio molecular dynamics, classical molecular dynamics with machine learning potentials and many body perturbation theory.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies):  Good knowledge of quantum mechanics and advanced solid state physics. Experience with electronic structure calculations, ab initio molecular dynamics and molecular dynamics with machine learning potentials is highly appreciated.

Scholarship C

High Throughput Simulations of topological (bio-)polymeric materials

Research group link    https://sbp.physics.unitn.it
Contacts     mailto:Luca.tubiana@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Topological constraints such as knots and links emerge often in (bio-) polymers and affects the physical and functional properties of such systems. They can also be engineered to create synthetic smart materials for nano-applications. The PhD will focus on characterizing such materials and their assembly paths through extensive, high-throughput simulations. The PhD is part Net4exa, a European project that aims to uptake European High-performance computing to the exascale level. The successful PhD candidate will perform high-throughput simulations of topological polymeric materials (e.g. the kinetoplast DNA and polycatenanes) to investigate their properties, as well as the possibility to self-assemble such materials in controlled experiments. Such simulations will be performed on top-notch HPC computers at Cineca, and be further used to profile, and possibly optimize, the simulation code to run on a very large number of cores. The expected output consists both in the characterization of the properties and possible assembly pathways of topological polymeric materials and in the profiling and possible optimization of the simulation code.  
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies):  The ideal candidate has a solid base in computational physics and simulation of materials, paired with a good knowledge of statistical mechanics. The ideal candidate demonstrates a strong interest in writing / modifying scientific software for simulation and analysis of soft matter/biological systems.

Scholarship D

Low-Power Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors for Space Applications

Research group link    https://www.physics.unitn.it/851/fisica-delle-astroparticelle 
Contacts:     Roberto Iuppa mailto:roberto.iuppa@unitn.it; Ester Ricci  mailto:ester.ricci@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome:     This PhD project focuses on the characterization of a new generation of low-power Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) for space applications. The work includes electrical, functional, and radiation testing of MAPS prototypes to assess their performance in the harsh conditions of space. Activities involve laboratory measurements, data analysis, and participation in environmental qualification campaigns to support future missions in astrophysics, space weather, and Earth observation
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The ideal candidate has a strong interest in particle and astroparticle physics and is eager to focus on experimental and hands-on activities. Basic knowledge of digital and analog electronics, as well as FPGAs, is considered a plus.

Scholarship E

Plasma-assisted valorization of biomethane and biogas

Research group link    https://greendealtrento.eu/ https://molecular.physics.unitn.it/
Contacts     Luca Matteo Martini (luca.martini.1@unitn.it); Luca Fiori (luca.fiori@unitn.it); Graziano Guella (graziano.guella@unitn.it)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome:     Plasma-assisted decomposition of biomethane and biogas, when powered by renewable energy sources, is an environmentally friendly process that can be viewed as a cost-effective method for producing CO2-free hydrogen. The project aims to develop and test a plasma reactor to facilitate the thermal cracking of methane and the CO2 dry reforming process. The Ph.D. student will characterize the process to understand and optimize the production mechanisms of valuable products (e.g., H2). This Ph.D. will be part of the H2@TN project https://greendealtrento.eu/ .

Ideal candidate (skills and competencies):  We are looking for a talented and motivated student with a background in experimental physics or chemical physics. Experience in non-thermal plasma processing is a plus. 
She/he should have a strong attitude toward teamwork and problem-solving. 

Scholarship F-G

Particle, astroparticle, nuclear, theoretical physics, related technologies and applications, including medical Physics 

Contacts: For further information on the possible research topics see www.infn.it or contact Rita Dolesi for experimental Physics ( Rita.Dolesi@unitn.it ); Francesco Pederiva for theoretical Physics ( Francesco.Pederiva@unitn.it ) 
Francesco Tommasino (francesco.tommasino@unitn.it), Emanuele Scifoni (emanuele.scifoni@tifpa.infn.it) for applied and medical physics 
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: The thesis topics will be selected within the many areas of forefront research pursued at Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA) of INFN. Current main activities include: 
1) experimental particle and astroparticle Physics, 
2) experimental gravitation both earth and space based, 
3) gravitational wave astronomy, 
4) antimatter related experiments, 
5) R&D on particle and radiation detectors and other solid state quantum micro devices, 
6) computational Physics and AstroPhysics, 
7) theory of fundamental interactions, 
8) theoretical cosmology, 
9) medical physics applied to therapy with high energy charged particles.

Scholarship H

Neutron Astronomy 

Research group link    https://sd.fbk.eu/en/
Contacts     Dr. Richard John Hall-Wilton mailto:    rhallwilton@fbk.eu
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome:   Neutron astronomy is little investigated. However recent advances in instrumentation, as well as the trend towards nanosats allows for the possibility of interesting investigation to be opened up. In particular, the compactness of newer neutron detectors and possibility of both fast and thermal neutron spectroscopy allows a much expanded impact of the measurements. This scholarship envisages a two fold approach - looking at the potential and viability for interesting scientific measurements, enabled by this novel instrumentation; and the design and testing of instrumentation, particularly in Silicon Carbide, to match the requirements for such a scientific measurement.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): Solid background in particle/nuclear physics and interactions. Knowledge of detection techniques. Interest of space astronomy.
Experience helpful in Data Analysis, Coding (python or C++), and experimental techniques. 

Scholarship I

Defects on wide bandgap materials for quantum technologies

Research group link    https://sd.fbk.eu/en/research/mnf/
https://sd.fbk.eu/en/news/detail/germanium-vacancy-single-photon-emitters/
Contacts:     Damiano Giubertoni, mailto:giuberto@fbk.eu - MNF (Micro Nano Facility) Unit, Center for Sensors and Devices, FBK
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Point defects in wide band gap semiconductor like diamond and silicon carbide have attracted attention for quantum technology application. The optically active defects, often referred as color centers, are appealing candidates for the solid-state integration of stable single-photon sources for quantum photonics and computing. Furthermore, new sensing opportunities are possible, enabling measurements at the nanoscale, potentially including biological samples, and of weak signals like in advanced magnetometry. The FBK facilities are involved in research projects on diamond and SiC where the deterministic creation of such centers is pursued using state-of-art instrumentation like a multi-species focused ion beam system (FIB) and semiconductor processing techniques, including the nanometric patterning offered by electron beam lithography. The installed FIB allows implantation of Si, Ge and Au at depths well below 50 nm, with lateral resolution of 50-100 nm, and with fluences down to few ions implanted, enabling the deterministic creation and localization of color centers [1].
The proposed research work aims to the creation of color centers in one of these materials, their characterization and their integration in view of advanced quantum sensing applications. The research activity will be integrated in the European projects where our facilities are involved and in collaboration with external partners.
[1] Redolfi, E., Pugliese, V., Scattolo, E. et al. Integration of germanium-vacancy single photon emitters arrays in diamond nanopillars. EPJ Quantum Technol. 12, 25 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00329-2

Ideal candidate (skills and competencies):

• MS in Physics, Chemistry, Materials Science, Materials Eng. Or equiv.
• Knowledge of semiconductor physics and relative processes of fabrication
• Competences on Photonics and Quantum Physics
• Knowledge of Materials characterization techniques (surface characterization)
• Experience and attitude to work in laboratories
• Attitude to team work
• fluent English

Scholarship J

SiC for nonlinear photonics

Research group link    https://sd.fbk.eu/en/research/research-units/iqo/ 
https://nanolab.physics.unitn.it/index.php
Contacts:     Dr. Georg Pucker mailto:pucker@fbk.eu -  Center of Sensors and Devices, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento - Italy 
Prof. Stefano Azzinimailto:stefano.azzini@unitn.it -  Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento - Italy 
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome:     Silicon carbide represents an emerging material platform for the realization of photonic integrated circuits and quantum optics. Silicon carbide, in comparison to silicon, shows a wider transparency region and important nonlinear optical and electrooptical effects. On the contrary silicon carbide is more difficult to handle in device fabrication and only recent years have therefore seen important progress in this field of research. Aim of the research will be the design, fabrication and testing of integrated optical waveguides and waveguide circuits with the scope of realizing photonic components for the efficient generation of entangled photons over a wide spectral region. Especially appealing is the development of entangled photonsources for quantum sensing and quantum simulations areas of expertise of the research groups at UniTN and FBK.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies):

• Master degree in Physics
• Proven knowledge and competencies in optics and semiconductor physics
• Experience in optical measurements and set-up of optical experiments
• Good competencies in theoretical and experimental quantum optics
• Competencies in design and fabrication of optical waveguides and components in silicon or related technologies
• Some experience in device fabrication with silicon technology
• Good team working skills and interest to work in a team
• Excellent knowledge of English

Scholarship K

Quantum System Identification by Hamiltonian Learning

Research group link    https://hauke-group.physics.unitn.it/
Contacts:     Prof. Philipp Hauke (UniTN) mailto:philipp.hauke@unitn.it Dr. Sebastian Schmitt (HRI)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome The characterization and prediction of material properties is one of the most promising application areas for quantum computing and simulation, with potential applications ranging from the design of new batteries to low-loss conductors and efficient solar cells. However, a central problem for the simulation of specific materials is the need to identify the relevant quantum degrees of freedom that need to be included in the simulation. A recent approach to this problem is given by Hamiltonian Learning, in which one aims to determine the effective description, i.e. the form of the Hamiltonian, in the relevant regime from a set of measurement data.
The PhD project will explore the limitations and benefits of Hamiltonian Learning [1,2] for the description and discovery of novel quantum materials. Target questions will include how to impose continuous control with unknown or only partially known structure of the Hamiltonian, or how to efficiently impose Hamiltonian learning using technologies like generative adversarial neural networks [3], tensor networks [4], or neural differential equations [5]. We will also analyze in how far universality of quantum many-body systems in and out of equilibrium [6] permits to circumvent fine tuning. A further aim is to implement the developed schemes on quantum hardware. To obtain high-quality results, we will implement state-of-art error-mitigation techniques [7]. While the impact of hardware noise on the learning process is insufficiently well investigated, the recent trend to use machine learning for error mitigation [8,9] opens new opportunities. A clear route should be illustrated of how to scale the proposed learning system to the necessary system sizes to describe realistic materials, leveraging recent approaches of partitioning, parallelization, and hybrid quantum-classical schemes [10-12]. Thanks to strong ties with leading experimental groups, we aim to test the developed frameworks in theory-experiment collaborations on cold atoms, trapped ions, or superconducting qubits. The final target of the research activities will be the development of a practical Hamiltonian learning framework that can be used to understand and predict properties of realistic materials [13].
The research will be mainly carried out at University of Trento, Italy, with the possibility of extended stays at Honda Research Institute Europe in Offenbach, Germany. International cooperation is foreseen within a network of collaboration partners, including leading theoretical and experimental teams.
Literature
[1] A. Dutkiewicz, T.E. O'Brien, T. Schuster, The advantage of quantum control in many-body Hamiltonian learning, Quantum 8, 2521-327X (2024)
[2] Guo et al, Hamiltonian learning for 300 trapped ion qubits with long-range couplings, Science Advances 11 (5), eadt4713 (2025)
[3] R. Koch and J.L. Lado, Designing quantum many-body matter with conditional generative adversarial networks, Phys. Rev. Research 4, 033223 (2022)
[4] see, for example, J. Biamonte and V. Bergholm, Tensor Networks in a Nutshell, arXiv:1708.00006 (2017) or R. Orus, A Practical Introduction to Tensor Networks: Matrix Product States and Projected Entangled Pair States, Annals of Physics 349, 117-158 (2014)
[5] T. Heightman, E. Jiang, A. Acín, Solving The Quantum Many-Body Hamiltonian Learning Problem with Neural Differential Equations, arXiv:2408.08639.
[6] J. Berges, What ultracold atoms tell us about the real-time dynamics of QCD in extreme conditions, Proceedings for Quark Matter 2023 plenary talk, arXiv:2312.10673
[7] Cai et al, Quantum error mitigation, Rev. Mod. Phys. 95, 045005 (2023)
[8] Fischer et al., Dynamical simulations of many-body quantum chaos on a quantum computer, arXiv:2411.00765 (2024)
[9] H. Liao et al., Machine learning for practical quantum error mitigation. Nat Mach Intell 6, 1478 (2024)
[10] J. Robledo-Moreno, M. Motta, H.Haas, et al., Chemistry Beyond Exact Solutions on a Quantum-Centric Supercomputer, arXiv:2405.05068 (2024)
[11] M. Cattelan, S. Yarkoni, & W. Lechner, Parallel circuit implementation of variational quantum algorithms. npj Quantum Inf 11, 27 (2025)
[12] C. Piveteau and D. Sutter, Circuit Knitting With Classical Communication, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 70 (4), 2734 (2024)
[13] Clinton et al., Towards near-term quantum simulation of materials, Nature Communications, 15, 211 (2024)
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies):     The ideal candidate has a strong background in quantum mechanics and quantum many-body physics, in particular also in quantum information and quantum computing, quantum optics, atomic physics, field theories, and condensed matter. Strong analytical and computational skills are required. He/she should have a high interest in interdisciplinary research questions and in collaborating with leading theorists and experimentalists across the globe.

ADDITIONAL SCHOLARSHIPS

Scholarship L: Quantum fluids of microwave photons

Research group link: https://sd.fbk.eu/ ;https://bec.science.unitn.it/
Contacts: Federica Mantegazzini (FBK): <fmantegazzini@fbk.eu>
Iacopo Carusotto (Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO): <iacopo.carusotto@ino.cnr.it>
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: The PhD project aims at studying the physics of propagating quantum fluids of microwave photons in superconducting circuits. The activities will combine theoretical and experimental tasks, under the joint supervision of Dr. Iacopo Carusotto and Dr. Federica Mantegazzini. The candidate will work on investigating photon-photon interactions in different geometries, designing superconducting circuits that will be microfabricated and subsequently measured. The candidate will also be involved in the preparation of a dedicated experimental set-up. The expected outcome is the first experimental evidence of a strongly correlated fluid of interacting microwave photons in a propagating geometry.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): Strong ability to connect theoretical concepts and experimental measurements and be willing to get actively involved in both the theoretical and the experimental tasks of the project. Proven proficiency in the general concepts of quantum mechanics, classical and quantum electrodynamics and quantum optics. Previous expertise in quantum many-body physics and/or in superconducting (quantum) circuits and/or in microwave technology are welcome.

Scholarship M: Electroweak Matrix Elements in Medium-Light Nuclei from Neural Quantum States

Contacts: Prof. Francesco Pederiva (francesco.pederiva@unitn.it) Dr. Simone Taioli (taioli@ectstar.eu) Prof. Ubirajara van Kolck (vankolck@ectstar.eu)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Neural networks are known to be universal approximants for any function in an arbitrary number of variables. This property has been exploited in recent years in conjunction with Variational Monte Carlo methods and efficient optimization techniques to obtain excellent representations of the ground state of many-body quantum systems. Such wavefunctions are known as neural quantum states (NQS). Application of NQS to the study of medium-light nuclei provided very accurate energies and estimates of other observables. Among them it is possible to compute matrix elements to be used in the study of electroweak processes, as for instance beta decay, both in the hadronic and in the leptonic sectors. The Ph.D. student will become an expert in the use of such techniques, providing results that will be exploited in the analysis of experimental data and in view of applications in astrophysical contexts and in the search of physics beyond the Standard Model. 
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The ideal candidate has a sound background in quantum mechanics at M.Sc. level, and an inclination towards the use of numerical techniques. Programming skills in C, C++ or Python will be of great help. 

Other research topics

AML - Antimatter Laboratory

Study of many positronium atoms interaction in buried microcavities (Mariazzi)

Topic: Study of many positronium atoms interaction in buried microcavities
Research group link: https://www.physics.unitn.it/837/antimateria
Contacts: Sebastiano Mariazzi (sebastiano.mariazzi@unitn.it); Ruggero Caravita (ruggero.caravita@cern.ch)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Positronium, the boundstate of an electron and its antiparticle, the positron, is the lightest matter-antimatter system. In the past years, at the AML (AntiMatter Laboratory) of the Department of Physics of UNITN, nanochanneled silicon targets with high positron to positronium conversion efficiency have been developed. Recently, samples with a network of nanochannels connected to buried microcavities have been realized. Combined with an advanced bunched positron beam recently set up in the lab, clouds of positronium could be created in these microcavities. The collection of many positronium atoms in such cavities would offer the possibility to study positronium-positronium interactions. The goal of the thesis is the production of clouds of positronium atoms confined in buried microcavities for the investigation of the mechanisms of interaction among positronium atoms. In prospective, this study could pave the way to the first demonstration of a positronium Bose Einstein Condensate.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The candidate has been supposed to have followed courses of experimental physics. Knowledge about gamma ray detection and beam physics is welcome.

Entanglement of 3 gammas from positronium annihilation as a function of its quantumnumbers (Mariazzi)

Topic: Entanglement of 3 gammas from positronium annihilation as a function of its quantumnumbers
Research group link: https://www.physics.unitn.it/837/antimateria
Contacts: Sebastiano Mariazzi ( sebastiano.mariazzi@unitn.it ); Ruggero Caravita(ruggero.caravita@cern.ch)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: At the AML (AntiMatter Laboratory) of the Department of Physics of UNITN, an advanced bunched positron beam was setup. Clouds of positronium atoms in vacuum can be obtained by injecting positron in a nanochanneled silicon positron-positronium converter.Positronium is the lightest atom in nature composed by two leptons: an electron and a positron. Through laser manipulation, positronium atoms will be selected in specific quantum numbers and their annihilation in three gamma rays will be studied with a dedicated plastic detector. The thesis work deals with the preparation of positronium in selected quantum states and the study of the entangled states of the three gamma rays emerging by its annihilation.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The candidate has been supposed to have followed courses of experimental physics. Knowledge of laser physics are welcome.

APP- Astroparticle Physics 

Development of the LEM particle spectrometer for the NUSES mission Research group (Nozzoli)

Topic: Development of the LEM particle spectrometer for the NUSES mission
Research group link: https://www.physics.unitn.it/en/852/astro-particle-physics
Contacts: francesco.nozzoli@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: NUSES is a space mission scheduled for launch in late 2026. Over its nominal three-year lifetime, the satellite will test innovative techniques for observing charged particles, gamma rays, and astrophysical neutrinos. The PhD candidate will join the UniTN-INFN research group, which is responsible for developing the LEM particle spectrometer, currently in an advanced stage of realization. The candidate will participate in beam tests of the LEM detector and is expected to take on responsibilities within the NUSES collaboration, contributing to the analysis of scientific data collected after launch. Additionally, the candidate will be involved in the development and testing of similar innovative detectors for future space missions.
Further details are available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments7040040
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The ideal candidate should possess problem solving skills and interest in experimental particle physics techniques. 
Knowledge of C++ or Python programming languages.

BF- Biophotonics and Neurophysics

Neural Localisation and Quantum Biological Mechanisms of Magnetoreception (Haase)

Topic: Neural mapping of magnetoreception through quantum biology and neuroimaging
Research group link: https://r.unitn.it/en/cimec/nphys
Contacts: albrecht.haase@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome:
This PhD project will pioneer the neural mapping of magnetoreception, the ability of animal species to detect Earth’s magnetic field. By integrating quantum biology and systems neuroscience, we will experimentally test the radical pair mechanism, a leading hypothesis proposing that spin dynamics in cryptochrome proteins enable magnetic field detection. Using models, you will employ in vivo neuroimaging (e.g., two-photon calcium imaging) and automated behavioural assays to pinpoint where and how the brain processes magnetic cues. The project sits at the intersection of biophysics, neuroscience, and quantum biology, offering a rare opportunity to explore whether biological systems exploit quantum effects for sensory perception.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): Profound knowledge of the English language. Experience in scientific programming. Interest in research at the border between biophysics, quantum biology, and neurosciences.

Probing Stochastic Resonances in Neural Systems: From Physics to Brain Function (Haase)

Topic: Probing Stochastic Resonances in Neural Systems: From Physics to Brain
Research group link: https://r.unitn.it/en/cimec/nphys
Contacts: albrecht.haase@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: This project investigates the phenomenon of stochastic resonance in neural circuits, where the addition of optimal noise can paradoxically enhance signal detection and information processing. Originally discovered in physical systems, this counterintuitive principle may represent a fundamental mechanism for weak signal amplification in biological neural networks.
Using cutting-edge brain imaging techniques in insect models, and computational simulations of spiking neural networks we will:

• Quantitatively test theoretical models of stochastic resonance in living neural circuits
• Characterise how neural systems might exploit noise for enhanced sensory processing
• Simulate experimental observation to understand neural coding strategies

Our experimental approach combines precise noise modulation with simultaneous neural activity recording. The theoretical part creates realistic models of the imaged brain regions with Spiking Neural Networks.
Together, this offers exciting research combining computational modelling and advanced functional microscopy techniques.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): Profound knowledge of the English language. Experience in scientific programming. Interest in research at the border between physics and neurosciences.

Neural Impact of Climate Change: How Environmental Stressors Reshape Insect Brain Function (Haase)

Topic: Neuronal Impact of Climate Change: How Environmental Stressors Reshape Insect Brain Function
Research group link: https://r.unitn.it/en/cimec/nphys
Contacts: albrecht.haase@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: This project pioneers an experimental approach to investigate how rising temperatures, humidity fluctuations, electromagnetic pollution ("electrosmog"), and light pollution collectively impact neural circuits underlying critical behaviours in insects: navigation, communication, and memory.
Using insect models, we will:

• Employ in vivo calcium brain imaging to quantify changes in neuronal activity under simulated climate stress
• Develop behavioural assays to link neural dysfunction to impaired behaviour
• Map how combined stressors (e.g., heat + electrosmog) synergistically disrupt sensory processing

Together, this offers exciting experimental research bridging the gap between biophysics and neurosciences.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): Profound knowledge of the English language. Experience in scientific programming.  Interest in research at the border between physics and neurosciences.

BIMER- Radiation biophysics and medical physics

Beam Modulation devices for conformal FLASH proton therapy (Tommasino)

Topic: Beam Modulation devices for conformal FLASH proton therapy
Research group link: https://sites.google.com/unitn.it/bimergroup/
Contacts: Francesco Tommasino (francesco.tommasino@unitn.it), Emanuele Scifoni (emanuele.scifoni@tifpa.infn.it)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: FLASH radiotherapy consists in a new and promising approach for cancer treatment, based on the experimental observation that extremely reduced irradiation time (i.e. order of 100 ms) results in sparing of normal tissue toxicity and same effectiveness on tumor cells compared to conventional irradiation, which takes place on a longer time scale (i.e. tens of seconds to a few minutes). The radiobiological mechanisms behind the FLASH effect are not fully understood, and extensive research is ongoing also aiming at the clinical translation of this innovative approach. Thinking of clinical applications, protons currently appear as the ideal candidate to set up treatments at ultra-high dose rate, thus exploiting the FLASH effect. However, there is the need to implement robust treatment, able to exploit the full potential of the protons’ depth-dose curve (i.e. the Bragg peak). This project will be dedicated to the study of 3D range modulators that, combined with the delivery of a single layer of high energy protons, would result in conformal treatments, exploiting at the same time the advantages of the FLASH effect. The research project will include both optimization and implementation of 3D RM geometries into dedicated software, including Monte Carlo codes, and experimental validation of the proposed approach. The PhD student will also be involved in the characterization of the newly realized experimental FLASH beamline in Trento.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The ideal candidate has a good knowledge of radiation-matter interaction, and a basic knowledge of radiation biophysics and medical physics. The candidate should preferentially have experience with coding and Monte Carlo software.

Mathematical and artificial intelligence modelling of radiation-induced biological damage (Scifoni) 

Topic: Mathematical and artificial intelligence modelling of radiation-induced biological damage
Research group link: https://sites.google.com/unitn.it/bimergroup/home?authuser=0
Contacts: Francesco Giuseppe Cordoni (francesco.cordoni@unitn.it), Emanuele Scifoni (scifoni@infn.it)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome:
Over the past decades, radiotherapy (RT) has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in curing cancer. The rationale for using hadrons in cancer treatment is based on their unique energy loss mechanisms, which offer significant biological benefits over photons, including enhanced tumor control and reduced damage to healthy tissues.
Despite the potential superiority of hadrons in theory, additional research is crucial to fully incorporate this treatment modality into clinical practice. One of the primary obstacles to the widespread use of hadrons is the difficulty of accurately estimating the biological effect caused by the specific radiation. Over the years, several mechanism-based mathematical models have been developed to understand and predict the effect of a given radiation on biological tissue.
Further, more recently, modern Machine and Deep Learning (MDL) algorithms have been proposed to tackle the same problem. Despite the collective efforts of the scientific community, there is currently no universally accepted superior model for predicting the biological effect of radiation. The absence of a reliable and all-encompassing model poses a significant obstacle to fully leveraging particle therapy, including the use of heavier ions like oxygen to treat radio-resistant tumors, and the adoption of multi-ion therapy, which is now technically feasible.
The project aims to develop a hybrid model to predict the biological effect of radiation, merging standard mathematical approaches with modern artificial intelligence-based models. The resulting model will have the interpretability and physically grounded foundation of mathematical models and the extreme flexibility and accuracy of modern MDL models. The model will be based on the advanced physical description of the radiation field, using microdosimetry and/or nanodosimetry, and will explore the relative importance of different radiation quality descriptors. An optional experimental verification part could be added upon the availability of the facility.
The project will be carried out in the BiMeR team,  between TIFPA-INFN, UniTN, and the APSS proton therapy center.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): – Knowledge of radiation biophysics – Good programming skills – Interest in modeling and simulation of physical processes – Willingness to work in a multi-disciplinary and international team. 

FAM- Atomic and Molecular Physics

Laboratory molecular astrophysics: understading the formation and destruction mechanisms of molecules in the interstellar medium and planetary atmospheres (Ascenzi)

Topic: Laboratory molecular astrophysics: understanding the formation and destruction mechanisms of molecules in the interstellar medium and planetary atmospheres
Research group link: https://molecular.physics.unitn.it/
Contacts: Prof. Daniela Ascenzi (daniela.ascenzi@unitn.it)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Over 300 molecules have been detected in the interstellar and circumstellar regions of our galaxy (see https://cdms.astro.uni-koeln.de/classic/molecules and http://www.astrochymist.org/astrochymist_ism.html). Astronomers use molecules as a tool to infer information about the structure, dynamics and evolution of astronomical objects (e.g. molecular clouds, protostars, planetary atmospheres). For instance, the chemical composition of Solar-like planetary-forming systems can be used to unveil the history of our Solar System. Astrochemical models have been developed to compute the evolution of the physical parameters and chemical composition of a mixture of gas and dust under astrophysical conditions, and such models are the key to relate astronomical observations with the structure of the observed objects. The key elements in astrochemical models are the kinetic parameters of the chemical reaction networks at play. The PhD project aims at measuring such kinetic parameters for gas phase processes involving charged species and leading either to the destruction or to the formation of interstellar molecules. Experiments will make use of a tandem guided ion beam mass spectrometer to measure absolute cross sections and product branching ratios as a function of collision energy for a variety of ion-neutral reaction systems (including specific isomers) in the gas phase under single collision conditions.
For further details: https://molecular.physics.unitn.it/research/discovering-the-origin-of-ex...
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): Master (or equivalent degree) in physics, physical chemistry or astrophysics, a strong focus on laboratory work and good problem-solving skills. Any experience in one of the following fields will be a plus: mass spectrometry, plasma physics, vacuum technology, gas handling techniques, data analysis and modelling (e.g. LabView programming, Python, C++).

FT- Theoretical and computational physics

Dark matter and dark energy in the era of precision multi-messenger cosmology and cosmic tensions (Vagnozzi)

Topic: Dark matter and dark energy in the era of precision multi-messenger cosmology and cosmic tensions
Research group link: https://www.sunnyvagnozzi.com/
https://webapps.unitn.it/du/en/Persona/PER0059261/
Contacts: Sunny Vagnozzi (sunny.vagnozzi@unitn.it)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Our understanding of dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE), making up 95% of the energy of the Universe but whose nature is currently unknown, will be revolutionized over the next decade by precision cosmological observations. This project will develop the tools to fully exploit, on the theory and/or data sides, the wealth of upcoming (multi-messenger) cosmological information.
We will study prospects for testing realistic DM/DE models, particularly using large-scale structure (LSS) data. Growing tensions among different probes (such as the H₀ and S₈ tensions) are hinting at the breakdown of the current concordance model, and we will study the possibility of such tensions shedding light on the microphysical nature of DM and DE, constructing models which may solve these tensions.
We will study cross-correlations between different probes, including gravitational waves, as a way to shed light on DM and DE, and test gravity. Based on the student's interests, this project offers significant flexibility in terms of focusing more on theoretical or data analysis aspects, or extending the research scope. Throughout the project, the student will have the possibility of collaborating with a wide network of researchers worldwide (see https://www.sunnyvagnozzi.com/en/publications).
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The ideal candidate has a strong background in cosmology. Advanced knowledge of General Relativity, QFT, and particle physics is also very welcome. Depending on the student’s inclination, this project is very flexible and can require either or both analytical and numerical skills, in varying proportions. For more computationally-oriented students, excellent computational skills, ideally the ability to program in Python and at least a low-level language (e.g. C/C++/Fortran), are highly recommended. Familiarity with cosmological codes such as CAMB, CLASS, CosmoMC, MontePython, and Cobaya, is welcome. Some experience with statistics is an additional asset.
More generally, we are looking for a passionate, independent, and self-driven student with strong interests in cosmology and tests of fundamental physics using observations collected around the Universe, and a strong work ethic. The student must be able to work independently and as part of a team. For the latter, good organization and communication skills are essential.

Analog Models of Gravity with Quantum Fluids of Light and/or Atoms (Carusotto)

Topic: Analog Models of Gravity with Quantum Fluids of Light and/or Atoms
Research group link: https://iacopo.carusotto.physics.unitn.it/ https://bec.science.unitn.it
Contacts: dr. Iacopo Carusotto iacopo.carusotto@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: The research activity will consist in a study of analog models of gravity based on quantum fluids of ultracold atoms and/or quantum fluids of light. The work will be mostly theoretical, but the PhD candidate will be actively involved in the on-going collaborations with experimental groups in Trento and at other major international institutions. The candidate will investigate quantum optical phenomena in curved space-times such as Hawking emission from black hole horizons, superradiance from rotating massive bodies, cosmological particle creation, and will explore new effects. A special attention will be given to interdisciplinary exchanges of ideas between gravity, condensed matter physics, optics and astrophysics. Ref.: https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.07337 (to appear on CRAS) https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.00311 https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.14452 (to appear on PRL)
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): Strong proficiency in basic electromagnetism and quantum mechanics. Good knowledge of quantum optics and/or quantum field theory and/or many-body physics and/or general relativity.

Strongly correlated quantum fluids of light (Carusotto)

Topic: Strongly correlated quantum fluids of light
Research group link: https://iacopo.carusotto.physics.unitn.it/ https://bec.science.unitn.it
Contacts: dr. Iacopo Carusotto iacopo.carusotto@unitn.it 
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: The research will consist of a theoretical study of quantum fluids of light. The work will be mostly theoretical, but will be carried out in close collaboration with experimental colleagues at major international institutions. The candidate will investigate strongly correlated fluids of many interacting photons in photonic devices with exceptionally strong optical nonlinearities so that photons behave as impenetrable particles. He/she will investigate quantum phase transitions such as the Mott-superfluid transition in many cavity arrays or fractional quantum Hall fluids with topological order in the presence of synthetic gauge fields. While the research will have mostly fundamental character, potential applications to topological quantum computing schemes will be also addressed. Refs: https://journals.aps.org/rmp/abstract/10.1103/RevModPhys.85.299 https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-022-00464-0 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-020-0815-y
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): Strong proficiency in basic electromagnetism and quantum mechanics. Good knowledge of quantum optics and/or condensed matter theory and/or many-body physics.

Quantum aspects of scale-invariant gravity (Rinaldi)

Topic: Quantum aspects of scale-invariant gravity
Research group link: https://sites.google.com/unitn.it/gravity-and-cosmology/home
Contacts: Massimiliano Rinaldi: massimiliano.rinaldi@unitn.ithttps://webapps.unitn.it/du/it/Persona/PER0172757/Curriculum
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Scale-invariant gravity is a well-motivated model of fundamental physics. It essentially claims that, in a very high energy regime, gravity becomes an interaction that is not modulated by any fundamental scale (the Newton constant, for instance, becomes the value of a field that changes in time and space). Such a theory has been deeply investigated in our group in the context of cosmic inflation and in the context of black hole physics. So far, these investigations were carried out in the classical regime and our aim is to explore the quantum regime of the theory and its phenomenological traces in cosmology and black hole physics. The thesis project aims to tackle these challenging questions and to produce theoretical and observational constraint on the parameter space of the theory. The project will be carried out with a wide network of collaborators (see website) with possibilities of visiting other groups. Some references: https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.07186, https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.05151, https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.04434
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): A solid MSc level of competencies in general relativity and basic quantum field theory is mandatory. Some advanced notion in black hole physics and/or cosmic inflation and/or quantum field theory/quantum gravity is desirable but not mandatory. Symbolic or numerical computational skills are also desirable.

Cosmological coupling of black holes (Rinaldi)

Topic: Cosmological coupling of black holes
Research group link:https://sites.google.com/unitn.it/gravity-and-cosmology/home
Contacts: M. Rinaldi massimiliano.rinaldi@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: By the terms cosmological coupling we indicate a phenomenon for which the mass of black holes grows with the expansion of the Universe. In some models, this growth is even responsible for the dark energy content of the Universe, provided the usual Schwarzschild or Kerr metric is replaced by a suitable one. The possibility of a cosmological coupling is an old problem posed by McVittie and other authors on a pure mathematical ground. But it recently came back to being popular thanks to some evidence obtained by observing a certain class of elliptic galaxies. The aim of the project is to explore in depth the mathematical and physical consistency of this idea and to root it in some fundamental theory of gravity, classical or quantum, with an eye on possible phenomenological implications. For more details, please refer to: https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.14549; https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.01801; https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.07878 and references therein.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): A solid MSc level of competencies in general relativity and basic quantum field theory is mandatory. Some advanced notion in black hole physics and/or cosmic inflation and/or quantum field theory/quantum gravity is desirable but not mandatory. Symbolic or numerical computational skills are also desirable.

Quantum simulation of strongly-correlated quantum systems (Hauke)

Topic: Quantum simulation of strongly-correlated quantum systems
Research group link: https://hauke-group.physics.unitn.it/
Contacts: Prof. Philipp Hauke (University of Trento)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Quantum many-body systems host a manifold of intriguing emerging phenomena, which appear due to strong correlations and the spread of quantum information between many particles. Today, many fundamental questions of strongly-correlated systems, in and out of equilibrium, remain unsolved due to the generic hardness to solve them on classical computers. However, the pristine control over quantum systems such as ultracold atoms or trapped ions has now handed us an alternative way, that of solving quantum many-body systems “by experiment”. In this approach, one reproduces the microscopic equations of a quantum system in a device that is itself governed by quantum mechanics. First envisioned by Feynman in 1982, this is now becoming a reality under the name of quantum simulation. The aim of this PhD project is to push the boundaries of quantum simulation. Prime targets will be AMO implementations of systems with disorder, long-range interactions, or gauge symmetries, in order to probe emerging phenomena such as topological states of matter, confinement, chaotic dynamics, scrambling of quantum information, and thermalization of closed quantum systems. The project covers a wide range of possible work opportunities, from developing state-of-art computational and analytical tools for probing many-body properties all the way to proposing and benchmarking experimental implementations.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The ideal candidate has a strong background in quantum mechanics and quantum many-body physics, in particular, e.g., in atomic physics, quantum optics, quantum information, quantum computing, field theories, and condensed matter. Strong analytical and computational skills are required. They should have a high interest in cross-disciplinary research questions and in collaborating with leading theorists and experimentalists across the globe.

Many-body dynamics in monitored quantum matter (Biella)

Topic : Many-body dynamics in monitored quantum matter
Research group link : https://bec.science.unitn.it/BEC/0_Home.html
Contacts : dr. Alberto Biella alberto.biella@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome : 
Measurements lie at the heart of quantum mechanics — not just as passive observations, but as active agents that alter the course of quantum dynamics. A single measurement can collapse the wave function or drastically alter a system’s trajectory through Hilbert space. This PhD project dives deep into the role of measurements in quantum many-body systems, exploring how observation itself can drive fascinating and counterintuitive phenomena. A central focus will be on how measurements induce entanglement phase transitions — abrupt changes in the internal correlations of quantum systems triggered by the very act of observation. We'll also explore how continuous monitoring alters quantum dynamics, carving out forbidden regions in Hilbert space — a striking manifestation of the Quantum Zeno Effect, where watching too frequently can freeze motion. Beyond the fundamental interest in understanding nonequilibrium quantum dynamics, these insights have real-world impact. As quantum simulation and computation scale up, error correction becomes critical. In this project, we aim to design smart, tailored measurements that leverage the Zeno effect to actively suppress errors in simulations of interacting lattice models. This project offers the opportunity to work at the intersection of nonequilibrium quantum dynamics, statistical mechanics, and their applications to emerging quantum technologies. During the PhD project, the student will have the possibility of collaborating with an extended network of researchers worldwide. Refs: https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.22846 , https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2021-08-19-528/ , https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.09138 
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies) : Strong proficiency in quantum mechanics. Genuine interest in quantum many-body physics and nonequilibrium dynamics. An open and flexible attitude towards tackling problems both computationally (using different numerical approaches) and theoretically.  

Many-body physics in open quantum systems (Biella)

Topic : Many-body physics in open quantum systems
Research group link : https://bec.science.unitn.it/BEC/0_Home.html
Contacts : dr. Alberto Biella alberto.biella@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome : 
When a quantum system interacts with its environment, its dynamics is driven by the dynamic balance between coherent evolution and dissipative processes. In this project, we explore the rich collective behavior that emerges in quantum many-body systems coupled to an external bath. Our focus will be on understanding how correlated dissipation can give rise to novel thermodynamic phases, and how the interplay between interactions and openness can stabilize unconventional stationary states far from equilibrium. The PhD candidate will investigate how engineered dissipation and external driving can be harnessed to control and shape the nonequilibrium dynamics of these systems. Beyond its fundamental relevance, this research provides practical insights: studying open quantum systems equips students with powerful tools to model errors, decoherence, and imperfections, key challenges in the development of next-generation quantum technologies. During the PhD project, the student will have the possibility of collaborating with an extended network of researchers worldwide. Refs: https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.05824 , https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2023-11-07-1170/ , https://journals.aps.org/prx/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031011, https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.10104 
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies) : Strong proficiency in quantum mechanics. Genuine interest in quantum many-body physics and nonequilibrium dynamics. An open and flexible attitude towards tackling problems both computationally (using different numerical approaches) and theoretically. 

Detailed microphysics in binary neutron star mergers and core-collapse supernovae (Perego)

Topic: Detailed microphysics in binary neutron star mergers and core-collapse supernovae
Research group link: https://relnucas.physics.unitn.it
Contacts: Albino Perego (albino.perego@unitn.it)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome:
With the advent of gravitational wave detectors and in combination with neutrino detectors and telescopes, multimessenger astrophysics is now a blooming field at the forefront of research. High-energy, relativistic events, like the merger of compact objects or the explosion of a massive star, are among its primary targets. In our group at the University of Trento we focus on the theoretical modeling and interpretation of multimessenger signals from these kind of events. In particular, in this PhD project we would like to implement detailed neutrino rates and nuclear physics inside our numerical models to achieve a much high level of accuracy and robustness in our predictions and interpretation. In particular, our goal will be to study the sensitivity of many observables (e.g. gravitational waves, nucleosynthesis yields, electromagnetic emission) on the level of accuracy of the input physics.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The ideal candidates is a motivated and dynamic students who is willing to broaden and widen her/his competences, both in terms of physics and of computer science. Collaborative and team-working oriented aptitudes are also relevant skills. The student is expected to have a solid theoretical background, possibly including General Relativity and Particle Physics. Moreover, basics knowledge about high-energy astrophysics and gravitational waves astrophysics is welcome. Good computing skills and aptitude are very much welcome.

R-process and kilonova modelling: modelling new transients in multimessenger astrophysics (Perego)

Topic: R-process and kilonova modelling: modelling new transients in multimessenger astrophysics
Research group link: https://relnucas.physics.unitn.it
Contacts: Albino Perego (albino.perego@unitn.it)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome:
The detection of gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation from compact binary mergers has opened the era of multimessenger astrophysics. One of the most relevant discoveries of the past decade was the first unambiguous detection of a kilonova: a new class of electromagnetic transients associated with compact binary mergers and powered by the radioactive decay of freshly synthesized radioactive heavy elements produced through the so called r-process nucleosynthesis. The goal of this project is to model kilonovae starting from the outcome of Numerical Relativity simulations, considering detailed r-process nucleosynthesis, and including all the relevant kilonova physics to produce synthetic observables (e.g. yields, light curves and spectral) and providing templates to be compared with present and future observations.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The ideal candidates is a motivated and dynamic students who is willing to and broaden and widen her/his competences, both in terms of physics and of computer science. Collaborative and team-working oriented aptitudes are also relevant skills. The student is expected to have a solid theoretical background, possibly including General Relativity and Particle Physics. Moreover, basics knowledge about high-energy astrophysics and gravitational waves astrophysics is welcome. Good computing skills and aptitude are also welcome.

Computational strategies to investigate protein conformational changes (Lattanzi)

Topic: Computational strategies to investigate protein conformational changes
Research group link: https://sbp.physics.unitn.it/
Contacts: Prof. Gianluca Lattanzi
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome:
The successful candidate is expected to apply molecular dynamics simulations to investigate globular proteins, transmembrane proteins and proteins anchored to membrane bilayers. The chosen systems often present two or more resolved (or putative) structures: molecular dynamics simulations will be employed to explore and characterize the structures corresponding to these local minima, while enhanced sampling techniques will provide insights into the possible pathways for the required conformational changes. Coarse grained models will be also employed, whenever possible, and their validity will be assessed through comparison with all-atoms simulations. The candidate will collaborate with all the members of the Statistical and Biological Physics research group to explore the possibility of applications of the on-site developed multiscale approaches. The candidate is also expected to interact directly with experimental collaborators, with the aim to provide a molecular rationale for the biological mechanisms of the chosen systems.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies):
Good knowledge of statistical physics and computer programming. Ability to work in group and at the interface between different disciplines. Good communication skills.

Quantum computing for nuclear physics (Roggero)

Topic: Quantum computing for nuclear physics
Research group link: https://webapps.unitn.it/du/it/Persona/PER0016084/Pubblicazioni
Contacts: Prof. Alessandro Roggero (a.roggero@unitn.it)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: The research activity of our group aims to advance the understanding of dynamical processes in nuclear physics through the combined use of quantum computing and classical many-body methods. The systems of interest range from flavor dynamics of neutrinos in extreme astrophysical environments — such as core-collapse supernovae and neutron star mergers — to nuclear reactions involving both strong and electro-weak probes.
Several research directions are available within this project, including:
Phenomenology of many-body flavor dynamics in supernovae, entanglement dynamics, and flavor thermalization
Electro-weak response of neutron star matter using quantum-inspired algorithms based on Coupled Cluster theory
Formal development and characterization of quantum algorithms for Hamiltonian simulation in nuclear systems with microscopic interactions
Extensions of quantum error correction techniques for lattice gauge theories
Error mitigation strategies and robust simulation design for nuclear physics applications on near-term quantum devices
For further information, interested candidates are encouraged to contact Prof. Roggero directly.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The ideal candidate is a motivated student eager to learn, with a background in at least one of the following areas: many-body methods, quantum computing, or nuclear physics. A collaborative mindset is essential, as the research group fosters an environment where ideas in physics and computational science are continuously exchanged and developed.

Ultra-cold gases: Rotonised and Supersolid phase of Bose-Einstein condensates; Quantum Mixture and Magnetic Superfluids (Recati)

Topic:

1. Rotonised and Supersolid phase of Bose-Einstein condensates
2. Quantum Mixture and Magnetic Superfluids

Research group links: https://bec.science.unitn.it/BEC/0_Home.html ;  https://recati.physics.unitn.it/
Contacts: Dr. Alessio Recati (alessio.recati@unitn.it) Tel.: +39 0461 283924
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Over the past 20 years, ultra-cold gases have emerged as an ideal platform to study fundamental aspects of many-body systems, including Bose-Einstein condensation, Fermi superfluidity, out-of-equilibrium dynamics, and open quantum systems. At the Pitaevskii BEC Center, we have contributed to several areas of cold-atom research. We are currently seeking PhD candidates to work on two main topics:

1. Rotonised and Supersolid phase of Bose-Einstein condensates

The supersolid state of matter was experimentally realized in ultra-cold gas systems five years ago. Since then, we have been studying its remarkable properties. This PhD project focuses on extending that investigation, particularly exploring the dynamics of wave packets in non-uniform systems, the behavior of quantized vortices in three-dimensional supersolids, and supersolid mixtures. The theoretical framework includes the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and its generalizations, as well as hydrodynamic theory.
Due to the novelty of the system, many of its properties remain to be fully understood. The project is expected to advance our theoretical knowledge of supersolids and cold gases in general, with the potential to inspire new experimental studies, in close collaboration with leading laboratories across Europe.

2. Quantum Mixture and Magnetic Superfluids

This project will be developed in close synergy with experimental colleagues in Trento. It concerns a recently realized and unique system: the magnetic superfluid. Using a density functional approach, the quantum Gutzwiller method, and tensor network techniques, we aim to study out-of-equilibrium dynamics, quantum fluctuations, and the realization of beyond mean-field states with strong two-body entanglement.
The expected outcome includes theoretical predictions that may guide new experiments and reveal quantum effects and critical behavior in extended atomic samples.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): Applicants should hold an MSc in Physics and demonstrate strong proficiency in English. A collaborative attitude, both within national and international research contexts, is essential. Prior experience with scientific numerical simulations is highly desirable.

Electron-Phonon Interaction in Strongly Correlated Systems (Cudazzo)

Topic: Electron-phonon interaction in strongly correlated systems
Research group link: https://mattheory.physics.unitn.it/
Contacts: pierluigi.cudazzo@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: The interaction between electron and phonon is responsible for many key phenomena such as superconductivity, electronic transport, charge density waves, and structural distortions.
The state of the art in describing this interaction is density functional perturbation theory with semilocal functionals. However, this theory breaks down when the interaction between the electrons is strong — in strongly correlated systems.
In this PhD thesis, we plan to use advanced many-body perturbation theories to develop theoretical and numerical approaches beyond the current state-of-the-art in electron-phonon scattering. These methods will be applied to strongly correlated systems such as high-Tc superconductors, low-dimensional correlated systems, and other materials of high technological relevance.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): Passion and motivation for research, curiosity. Strong background in quantum mechanics and in theoretical solid-state physics.

Excited States of Matter and Their Out-of-Equilibrium Dynamics (Cudazzo)

Topic: Excited states of matter and their out-of-equilibrium dynamics
Research group link: https://mattheory.physics.unitn.it/
Contacts: pierluigi.cudazzo@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Among the emerging fields of condensed matter physics is "excitonics". It aims at the realization of devices operating with excitons instead of electrons, with great potential to achieve breakthroughs in optoelectronics.
An exciton is an excited state of matter consisting of a bound electron–hole pair generated by photon absorption. It represents the crucial intermediate for energy transduction and nanoscale light control. To achieve this ambitious goal, the exciton must be controlled and manipulated during its formation.
The aim of this proposal is the development of theoretical tools for the description of exciton dynamics. In particular, the problem will be addressed using a rate equation for excitons, where the coupling with other degrees of freedom (such as lattice vibrations) responsible for exciton thermalization is taken into account through an effective exciton potential, to be suitably approximated.
This approach will allow us to investigate exciton dynamics and simulate basic out-of-equilibrium spectroscopies, such as transient absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence.
The basic questions we aim to answer are:
What are the physical mechanisms governing exciton relaxation and decoherence?
How are they related to the electronic structure of materials?
How can materials be engineered to tune exciton lifetime, decoherence length, and to control exciton flux?
This proposal will impact chemistry, physics, energy, and materials engineering. On one hand, the developed theoretical tools will give access to new physical phenomena that have never been investigated using full ab-initio methods. On the other hand, they will allow the design of new materials and compounds for excitonic technologies.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): Basic knowledge of condensed matter physics and many-body Green’s function theory. Programming skills (Fortran, Python, Unix) are also required.

GS- Experimental Gravitation

Gravitational Wave Transients: searching for not-yet-observed source classes and reconstructing signal properties with data-driven methods (Prodi)

Topic: Gravitational Wave Transients: searching for not-yet-observed source classes and reconstructing signal properties with data-driven methods
Research group link: https://www.physics.unitn.it/en/855/experimental-gravitation
Contacts: Prof. Giovanni Prodi (giovanniandrea.prodi@unitn.it)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: The exploration of the gravitational wave sky is rapidly advancing thanks to ongoing observations by the LIGO and Virgo detectors. The detection of around 300 gravitational wave transients to date has already revealed many properties of compact-object binaries and allowed new tests of General Relativity. Yet, we have only begun to uncover the full scientific potential of this field.
The current LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run, which started in May 2023 and is scheduled to continue until the end of 2025, provides excellent opportunities for research in gravitational wave data analysis.
The successful candidate will be involved in the search for new, previously unobserved classes of gravitational wave transients and the development of data-driven methods for signal characterization, source interpretation, and probing the fundamental nature of space-time. The project will build upon state-of-the-art techniques suitable for investigating gravitational wave bursts with generic morphologies. This activity is embedded within the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA scientific collaborations, offering a dynamic and highly stimulating international research environment.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The ideal candidate is curious about data analysis methods, physical measurements, and gravitational physics, and adopts a critical and systematic approach to problem solving. Strong programming skills and a good understanding of statistics are highly desirable. A background in General Relativity and astrophysics is helpful but can also be developed during the course of the project. Teamwork and collaboration skills will be valuable for integration within the international research community.

Integrated squeezed vacuum source for measurements beyond the quantum limit (Leonardi)

Topic: Integrated squeezed vacuum source for measurements beyond the quantum limit
Research group link: https://www.physics.unitn.it/854/gravitazione-sperimentale
Contacts: Dr. Matteo Leonardi (matteo.leonardi.1@unitn.it)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Almost ten years after the first direct detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration, over 100 gravitational wave events from stellar mergers have been observed. Despite their remarkable sensitivity, current gravitational wave detectors remain limited by noise. As a result, signals must be observed simultaneously in multiple detectors to be confirmed.
One of the dominant sources of noise is the quantum nature of light itself. In particular, quantum vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field pose a major challenge for advancing gravitational wave astronomy. A solution to mitigate this quantum noise is the use of squeezed states of light — specially engineered quantum states that redistribute noise between amplitude and phase quadratures via nonlinear optical processes. This technique has already been implemented in the latest detector runs.
However, the production of squeezed light is technically demanding and limits its widespread adoption. The proposed PhD project aims to develop an integrated squeezed light source, making this powerful quantum enhancement technique more broadly accessible. While gravitational wave detection remains a primary target, the system may also benefit other quantum technologies, including quantum computing and quantum cryptography.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The ideal candidate possesses strong critical thinking and teamwork skills. Prior experience in optics is highly desirable, as is familiarity with simulation techniques and finite element modeling software.

Vibrational properties of amorphous solids: from fundamental physics to gravitational wave detectors (Leonardi, Baldi)

Topic: Vibrational properties of amorphous solids: from fundamental physics to gravitational wave detectors
Research group links: Gravitational Waves Group (GS): https://www.physics.unitn.it/854/gravitazione-sperimentale
Soft and Disordered Systems at Complex Systems Lab (SDSC): https://complexsystems.physics.unitn.it/
Contacts: Dr. Matteo Leonardi (matteo.leonardi.1@unitn.it) ;  Dr. Giacomo Baldi (giacomo.baldi@unitn.it)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Structural glasses are considered prototypical out-of-equilibrium materials. Their low-temperature thermal properties are strongly influenced by both structural disorder and localized "defects," often modeled as two-level systems whose microscopic nature remains elusive [1]. These characteristics give rise to complex atomic dynamics, including tunneling, thermally activated relaxations, and phonon-like vibrations [2].
Recent numerical simulations have identified quasi-localized vibrational modes in addition to extended phonon-like excitations [3]. However, experimental validation of these findings remains extremely challenging. This project aims to probe low-frequency vibrational modes and sound propagation in structural glasses in previously unexplored frequency regimes, leveraging recent advances in experimental techniques.
We will employ next-generation synchrotron sources (e.g., the upgraded ESRF in Grenoble) and free electron lasers, in addition to performing complementary light spectroscopy in Trento. The study will focus on a range of amorphous materials prepared using different protocols, in both bulk and thin-film forms.
Thin films of amorphous materials are especially relevant for gravitational wave interferometers like Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, where their vibrational properties contribute to coating thermal noise — currently the dominant limitation to detector sensitivity in the most critical frequency range. Understanding these phenomena is essential for the design of third-generation gravitational wave detectors.
References:
[1] W. A. Phillips, Reports Prog. Phys. 50, 1657 (1987)
[2] G. Baldi et al., Vibrational dynamics of non-crystalline solids, arXiv:2011.10415
[3] Mizuno et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114, E9767 (2017);
L. Angelani et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 115, 8700 (2018);
D. Richard et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 085502 (2020);
S. Bonfanti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 085501 (2020)
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The successful candidate should demonstrate a strong interest in condensed matter physics or materials science and the ability to work independently on a demanding experimental program. Activities will be conducted at both national and international large-scale facilities, as well as in Trento. Familiarity with scientific programming (e.g., MATLAB, Python), the development of experimental setups, and a collaborative attitude are highly appreciated.

Squeezed states dephasing and multimode squeezed light production for gravitational wave detectors (Leonardi, Ciani)

Topic: Squeezed states dephasing and multimode squeezed light production for gravitational wave detectors
Research group link: https://www.physics.unitn.it/854/gravitazione-sperimentale
Contacts:  Dr. Matteo Leonardi (matteo.leonardi.1@unitn.it) ; Dr. Giacomo Ciani (giacomo.ciani@unitn.it)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Over the past decade, the current generation of gravitational wave detectors has successfully recorded over a hundred astrophysical events. This achievement was made possible by numerous technological upgrades implemented following the first detection in 2016. As plans move forward for the next-generation detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope — expected to begin operations around 2035 — new challenges must be tackled to further enhance detector sensitivity.
This project focuses on addressing specific issues related to the implementation of quantum noise reduction strategies in future detectors. In particular, it aims to investigate the dephasing processes in squeezed states of light and the interactions between squeezed states across different transverse electromagnetic modes. Understanding and mitigating these effects is crucial for the effective application of squeezed light in high-precision interferometry.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The ideal candidate should possess strong critical thinking and teamwork skills. A background in optics is particularly valuable, along with experience in numerical simulations and familiarity with finite element modeling software.

IdeA- Hydrogen, Energy, Environment

Photocatalytic remediation of contaminated waters: materials design, synthesis and field testing (Orlandi)

Topic: Photocatalytic remediation of contaminated waters: materials design, synthesis and field testing.
Research group link: https://www.physics.unitn.it/en/858/idea-hydrogen-energy-environment
Contacts: Michele Orlandi, michele.orlandi@unitn.it, 0461282012
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Water contamination by organic pollutants is one of the most serious environmental concerns today but also one that can be tackled by photocatalysis. The PhD student will: (1) design photocatalytic materials matching thermodynamics, optics and catalytic properties with application requirements; (2) synthesize them by using the most appropriate combination of physical and chemical methods; (3) design and implement a lab-scale system to evaluate the efficiency of the photocatalysis process under simulated or concentrated sunlight; (4) optimize and bring to proof-of-concept level a process for water decontamination from selected pollutants. The PhD student will be an integral part of the IdEA laboratory, a well-equipped multidisciplinary research group boasting decades of experience in the field.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): Experimental Physics, Solid state physics, Materials Physics and Chemistry, Nanomaterials, General and Inorganic Chemistry. 

Green Hydrogen via solar energy conversion: materials and equipments (Orlandi)

Topic: Green Hydrogen via solar energy conversion: materials and equipments
Research group link: https://www.physics.unitn.it/en/858/idea-hydrogen-energy-environment
Contacts: Michele Orlandi: michele.orlandi@unitn.it, 0461282012 
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: The use of hydrogen as a clean, carbon-free energy vector is both an opportunity and a challenge for the scientific community. The PhD student will be involved in research covering two of the main open issues in the field: (1) Water oxidation catalysis (WOC) is central for both electrolysis and the photoelectrochemical cells (PEC) technology. Overcoming the actual constrains of WOC requires designing novel catalysts which are both scalable, efficient and robust enough to operate on wastewaters. Promising candidates based on transition metals will be designed following band-engineering principles and with optimized morphologies at the nanoscale, implemented and tested. (2) Coupling concentrated sunlight to photoactive materials. The development of low-cost, small-scale and robust solar concentrators to provide low-to-moderate concentration factors (2-100) would open the way to PEC yield enhancement by increasing photon density, especially in the highly efficient near-UV range where natural light is lacking. Materials and equipments designed for this goal will be implemented by the PhD student.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): Experimental Physics, Solid state physics, Materials Physics and Chemistry, Nanomaterials, General and Inorganic Chemistry.

LBO- Bioorganic Chemistry

Synthesis and Characterization of New Biobased Plastics (Gioia)

Topic: Synthesis and characterization of new biobased plastics
Research group link: https://www.physics.unitn.it/845/chimica-bioorganica
Contacts: claudio.gioia@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome:This project focuses on the synthesis of biobased polymers derived from renewable building blocks as sustainable alternatives to fossil-based plastics. Through innovative chemical methods, the research activity aims to design and produce high-performance polymers with reduced environmental impact. Emphasis is placed on monomer synthesis, optimizing polymer structure and functionality, while targeting a scalable procedure and sustainable processing.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The ideal candidate has a specific interest in organic chemistry, polymer chemistry, and material science. Good communication skills and teamwork capabilities will be appreciated.

Synthesis of Novel Vitrimeric Materials from Lignocellulosic Natural Feedstocks (Gioia)

Topic: Synthesis of novel vitrimeric materials from lignocellulosic natural feedstocks
Research group link: https://www.physics.unitn.it/845/chimica-bioorganica
Contacts: claudio.gioia@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Vitrimers constitute a recent class of materials currently representing a brand-new frontier in the field of advanced polymers. Their unique performances derive from the presence of covalent bonds, which exhibit reversible behavior under specific stimuli or environmental conditions. Unlike traditional thermosetting polymers, this reactivity grants vitrimers properties such as recyclability, self-healing, and re-processability—opening up new possibilities in sustainable material science. While current research focuses on developing new reversible systems and understanding structure–kinetics relationships, the next challenge is creating high-performance vitrimers entirely from biobased sources. Among the promising candidates, lignin—a by-product of the pulp and paper industry—offers high thermal stability, reactive functional groups, and broad availability. However, its variability in structure, molecular weight, and functionality presents significant challenges.
This PhD project aims to develop the next generation of reliable vitrimeric bio-materials by valorizing lignin from agricultural and forestry residues and tailoring material properties through precise control of lignin structure and reactivity.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The ideal candidate has a specific interest in organic chemistry, polymer chemistry, and material science. Good communication skills and teamwork capabilities will be appreciated.

Development of Lignin-First Isolation Approaches and Valorization of Winery Lignocellulosic Wastes (Gioia)

Topic: Development of lignin-first isolation approaches and valorization of winery lignocellulosic wastes
Research group link: https://www.physics.unitn.it/845/chimica-bioorganica
Contacts: claudio.gioia@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: This project aims to develop and optimize lignin-first biorefinery strategies for the efficient isolation and utilization of lignin from winery-derived lignocellulosic wastes, such as grapevine prunings, stems, and pomace. By prioritizing the preservation and valorization of lignin during biomass fractionation, the project seeks to produce high-value aromatic compounds and bio-based materials. This integrated approach contributes to sustainable waste management in the wine industry and supports the transition to a circular bioeconomy through the development of renewable chemical and material platforms.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The ideal candidate has a specific interest in organic chemistry, polymer chemistry, and material science. Good communication skills and teamwork capabilities will be appreciated.

LCSF- Communication of Physical Sciences

Civic scientific literacy, public engagement with science and socially significant topicsfrom the physics education and communication perspective (Onorato - Oss)

Topic: Civic scientific literacy, public engagement with science and socially significant topics fromthe physics education and communication perspective
Research group link:https://lcsfunitn.wordpress.com/
Contacts: pasquale.onorato@unitn.it, stefano.oss@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: The civic scientificliteracy refers to the level and kinds of information that a citizen needs to know in order to followcurrent and emerging public policy issues. It is meaningful to do in-depth research from a PhysicsEducation perspective on the “citizenship” especially because the core outcome of ScienceEducation is to prepare scientifically literate students and responsible future citizens. Applicantsshould work in 1) exploring and developing conceptual paths and experimental approaches tovarious branches of physics research (classical and modern physics, science of terrestrialatmosphere and various science visualization methods in an educational and communicativeframework to support a more robust and grounded vision of contemporary and socially relevant topics; 2) examining the relationship of the science literacy and citizenship concepts andinvestigating how people’s attitudes to the environment and socio-environmental behaviourscorrelate with the civic scientific literacy - qualified rate 3) designing and implementing proposals forthe integration of a citizen science project into the secondary education curriculum
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): A specific training in science education or experiencein high school education will be welcome. 

The role of laboratory in improving physics teaching: learning goals and environments,and new educational technologies in the school and university (Onorato - Oss)

Topic: The role of laboratory in improving physics teaching: learning goals and environments, andnew educational technologies in the school and university
Research group link: https://lcsfunitn.wordpress.com/
Contacts: pasquale.onorato@unitn.it, stefano.oss@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: The laboratory is anessential part of the physics curriculum both in high school and courses at university becausephysics is inherently an experimental science. Requests for reform to instructional labs mean manyinstructors are facing the formidable mission of identifying goals for their introductory lab courses.Starting from the previous researches, which include also the recent studies about the introductionof the experimental activities conducted remotely, applicants should work in 1. providing resourcesand ideas to the community of physics instructors, detailing what instructors do what was effectiveand what students can learn in physics laboratory 2. developing a set of common context-relatedgoals for laboratory instruction that can serve as a guide to those responsible for designing andevaluating high school physics laboratory programs 3. designing curricula for teaching and learningphysics which integrate multimedia and new technologies mainly in the laboratories
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): A specific training in science education or experiencein high school education will be welcome. 

The possible role of Large Language Models in the development of teaching/learningpathways at high-school and undergraduate physics classes (Onorato - Oss)

Topic: The possible role of Large Language Models in the development of teaching/learningpathways at high-school and undergraduate physics classes.
Research group link:https://lcsfunitn.wordpress.com/
Contacts: stefano.oss@unitn.it, pasquale.onorato@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: New technologies basedon LLM and AI interfaces are of potentially great interest in educational settings. However, the use ofchatbots in schools is an approach characterized by great uncertainty and methodological,disciplinary, and pedagogical risks that can undermine the development of cognitive skills andcompetencies related to the understanding of physical sciences. There are many ongoingexperiments, but they are still poorly structured and documented, and a significant investment inresearch and analysis is expected in the immediate future. In our group, we have beguninvestigations into the possibilities of using chatgpt in the learning/teaching pathways of classicalphysics, but we intend to extend these works both in terms of areas of interest and the depth anddetail of AI approaches. Applicants will be asked to participate in this research by contributingpractical implementations and validating AI-based learning supports, including their critical analysis
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): A specific training in science education or experiencein high school education will be welcome. 

Challenges in modern and quantum physics education (Onorato - Oss)

Topic: Challenges in modern and quantum physics education
Research group link: https://lcsfunitn.wordpress.com/
Contacts: pasquale.onorato@unitn.it, stefano.oss@unitn.it 
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: In recent years,numerous studies have focused on the opportunity and effectiveness of developing effectivemethods to introduce some principles of quantum physics and, more generally, of modern physics toselected groups of high school students. Aligned with international research and drawing onestablished approaches in science education, the objective is to evaluate and design research-based teaching and learning sequences for these subjects. Applicants should work in : 1.Conducting an epistemological analysis to identify the essential, introductory quantum physicstopics deemed important for secondary education. 2. Comparing the outcomes of theepistemological analysis with the quantum physics contents in the Italian school guidelines,highlighting choices made by curriculum designers and identifying key concepts according totextbooks. 3. Exploring students' perspectives on modern physics through existing researchliterature and develop assessment tools to gauge their understanding. 4. Reviewing recenteducation research on modern and quantum physics and examine teaching/learning environmentsproposed by physics education researchers.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): A specific training in science education or experiencein high school education will be welcome. 

NL- Nanoscience

Non-Hermitian Photonics (Pavesi)

Topic:Non-Hermitian Photonics
Research group link:http://nanolab.physics.unitn.it/
Contacts: Prof.Lorenzo Pavesi Dr. Stefano Biasi
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Micro-resonator (MR)-based reconfigurable systems have received significant attention in recent years, driven by their potential applications in optical communication, sensing, and signal processing. Integrating reconfigurability with non-Hermitian systems further enhances their functionality, allowing dynamic control over non-reciprocal interactions. Here, we propose to study the nonlinear properties of arrays of reconfigurable non-hermitian microresonators with a specific interest to unique phenomena like topological edge states and enhanced stability against disorder.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): Interest in photonics

Neuromorphic Photonics (Pavesi)

Topic: Neuromorphic Photonics
Research group link: http://nanolab.physics.unitn.it/
Contacts: Prof. Lorenzo Pavesi (lorenzo.pavesi@unitn.it)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Hybrid photonic and biological integrated circuits form neural networks able to process incoming information. These are suitable platforms to experiment novel artificial intelligence applications and paradigms. In this framework, we have open in the laboratory several research opportunities for a PhD thesis: 1. development of neural networks for telecom applications where photonic circuits replace power-hungry and expensive DSP; 2. development of spiking neural networks based on massive microring arrays for dendritic computing; 3. development of hybrid biological and photonic network for biological and medical applications.                                
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): Interest in photonics and artificial intelligence. Skills in photonics.

Integrated quantum photonics (Azzini, Pavesi)

Topic: Integrated quantum photonics
Research group link: http://nanolab.physics.unitn.it/
Contacts: Prof. Stefano Azzini (stefano.azzini@unitn.it), Prof. Lorenzo Pavesi (lorenzo.pavesi@unitn.it)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: The Nanoscience Laboratory is primarily focused on experimental research in the field of photonics. In particular, part of the group is engaged in the design of photonic circuits – featuring various levels of integration with control electronics – to perform novel quantum optical experiments on a chip. These include parameterized quantum circuits implementing small-scale (few qubits) variational quantum algorithms, boson sampling, and photonic quantum machine learning circuits (e.g. swap test), as well as recently proposed integrated photonic quantum memristors. The successful candidate will begin by acquiring the necessary design and experimental tools, ultimately gaining the ability to design integrated photonic circuits for quantum applications. The candidate will also be encouraged to propose innovative solutions and contribute to addressing open problems in the field.
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): A solid background in photonics, experimental quantum optics, and quantum information is required. Previous experience in an optical laboratory, such as a master's thesis, is highly recommended. Familiarity with programming languages is a plus, as are good communication skills and the ability to work effectively in a team.

NSE- Non linear System and Electronics

QG- Experiments with ultracold atoms and quantum gases

Quantum simulation with superfluid mixtures (Lamporesi)

Topic: Quantum simulation with superfluid mixtures
Research group link: https://bec.science.unitn.it/BEC/0_Home.html
Contacts: Giacomo Lamporesi – giacomo.lamporesi@ino.cnr.it Gabriele Ferrari -gabriele.ferrari@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Ultracold atomic gases offer a flexible platform to address open problems in fundamental physics spanning from magnetism in solid state physics to quantum field theory. In particular, the PhD student will be involved in the study and characterization of magnetic and topological phenomena emerging in superfluid mixtures exhibiting metastability. The experimental research will focus on manipulating the spin degrees of freedom of a mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates in different internal states to simulate metastability in quantum field theories and study it through the observation of spin bubbles.
The experimental work will be conducted in strong synergy with the theory researchers of the Pitaevskii BEC Center.
Refs.
False vacuum decay via bubble formation in ferromagnetic superfluids, Nature Physics volume 20, pages 558–563 (2024)
Observation of Temperature Effects in False Vacuum Decay, arXiv:2504.03528 (2025)
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies):  Interest and motivation in studying fundamental properties of matter at ultracold temperatures. Experimental skills, in particular in optics, are welcome, as well as knowledge of python language.

Spin physics at zero magnetic field (Ferrari)

Topic: Spin physics at zero magnetic field
Research group link: https://bec.science.unitn.it/BEC/0_Home.html
Contacts: Alessandro Zenesini – alessandro.zenesini@ino.cnr.it Gabriele Ferrari -gabriele.ferrari@unitn.it
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Spin-dependent interactions can be used to induce fluctuations and correlations in quantum fluids. In this project, the PhD student will conduct experimental investigations aimed at characterizing the dynamics of condensation through the Bose-Einstein phase transition. The study will focus on a system where the absence of an external magnetic field amplifies the role of spin fluctuations and correlations. The research will be carried out using an established experimental apparatus that already demonstrates the required magnetic field control, with particular emphasis on the physics of the BEC transition and the emergence of the corresponding order parameter.
Ref.
Progress toward a zero-magnetic-field environment for ultracold-atom experiments, Phys. Rev. A 110, 013319 (2024)
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies):  Interest and motivation in studying fundamental properties of matter at ultracold temperatures. Experimental skills, in particular in optics, are welcome, as well as knowledge of python language.

SDSC- Structure and dynamics of complex systems

Vibrational properties of amorphous solids: from fundamental physics to gravitational wave detectors (Leonardi, Baldi)

Topic: Vibrational properties of amorphous solids: from fundamental physics to gravitational wave detectors
Research group links: Gravitational Waves Group (GS): https://www.physics.unitn.it/854/gravitazione-sperimentale
Soft and Disordered Systems at Complex Systems Lab (SDSC): https://complexsystems.physics.unitn.it/
Contacts: Dr. Matteo Leonardi (matteo.leonardi.1@unitn.it) ;  Dr. Giacomo Baldi (giacomo.baldi@unitn.it)
Synthetic description of the activity and expected research outcome: Structural glasses are considered prototypical out-of-equilibrium materials. Their low-temperature thermal properties are strongly influenced by both structural disorder and localized "defects," often modeled as two-level systems whose microscopic nature remains elusive [1]. These characteristics give rise to complex atomic dynamics, including tunneling, thermally activated relaxations, and phonon-like vibrations [2].
Recent numerical simulations have identified quasi-localized vibrational modes in addition to extended phonon-like excitations [3]. However, experimental validation of these findings remains extremely challenging. This project aims to probe low-frequency vibrational modes and sound propagation in structural glasses in previously unexplored frequency regimes, leveraging recent advances in experimental techniques.
We will employ next-generation synchrotron sources (e.g., the upgraded ESRF in Grenoble) and free electron lasers, in addition to performing complementary light spectroscopy in Trento. The study will focus on a range of amorphous materials prepared using different protocols, in both bulk and thin-film forms.
Thin films of amorphous materials are especially relevant for gravitational wave interferometers like Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, where their vibrational properties contribute to coating thermal noise — currently the dominant limitation to detector sensitivity in the most critical frequency range. Understanding these phenomena is essential for the design of third-generation gravitational wave detectors.
References:
[1] W. A. Phillips, Reports Prog. Phys. 50, 1657 (1987)
[2] G. Baldi et al., Vibrational dynamics of non-crystalline solids, arXiv:2011.10415
[3] Mizuno et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114, E9767 (2017);
L. Angelani et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 115, 8700 (2018);
D. Richard et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 085502 (2020);
S. Bonfanti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 085501 (2020)
Ideal candidate (skills and competencies): The successful candidate should demonstrate a strong interest in condensed matter physics or materials science and the ability to work independently on a demanding experimental program. Activities will be conducted at both national and international large-scale facilities, as well as in Trento. Familiarity with scientific programming (e.g., MATLAB, Python), the development of experimental setups, and a collaborative attitude are highly appreciated.